The transportation of hazardous and marine polluting materials by sea-going vessels is regulated by the International Convention for the Safety of the Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the International Convention for the Prevention of pollution from Ships (MARPOL).
In the relevant sections of SOLAS and MARPOL, the necessary regulations of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code (International Maritime Dangerous Goods Regulation) have been explained in detail and they have taken the provision of law on the transportation of these substances by sea. As of January 1, 2004, IMDG Code has become mandatory.
Classification of hazardous materials and risk definitions for all types of transport (sea, air, train, land and inland waterways) are also made by UNITED NATIONS Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN).
Dangerous substance classifications defined within these regulations are as follows:
Class 1: Explosives
Sub Class 1.1 Explosives with a high risk of explosion. High explosion risk affects the whole load at the same time.
Sub Class 1.2 Substances that are effective with the risk of explosion (scattering, dispersion, etc.) through the connected route, not directly. They do not contain high explosion risk.
Sub Class 1.3 Substances with a higher risk of fire. High or associated explosion risks are low.
Sub Class 1.4 Substances with low explosion risk. The risk of explosion is mostly limited to the package it is in. In an external fire threat, the substances in the package do not contain the risk of explosion.
Sub Class 1.5 Explosives independent of external effects. Although the substances in this group have a high risk of explosion, the risk of being affected and exploding in any way is very low under normal conditions of carriage.
Sub Class 1.6 They are extremely insensitive substances, they do not have high explosion risks. There are explosion-triggering substances in this class. These have no accidental risk of explosion
Class 2: Gases
Sub Class 2.1
Flammable Gases 2. They are flammable at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) pressure and at least 12% air mixture regardless of the lower limit. 1. At 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) pressure and air mixtures below 13% are flammable.
Substances that are gaseous at 454 kg (1001 lbs) and below 20 ° C (68 ° F). The pressures of these substances are 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) and their boiling point under this pressure is 20 ° C (68 ° F) or less.
Sub Class 2.2
Non-Flammable, Non-Toxic Gases This class includes pressurized gases, liquefied gases, pressurized cryogenic gases, compressed gases in a solution and oxidizing gases. Flammable and non-toxic gases are gases not included in 2.1 and 2.3 classes with a pressure content of 280 kPa (40.6 psia) at 20 ° C (68 ° F).
Sub Class 2.2
Oxygen Gas This mark is an optional label for the 2.2 class. It is used for gaseous or liquid oxygen. Oxygen is not flammable in its carpet, but it must be present only for combustion in the environment. High concentrations of oxygen increase the risk and migration of explosion.
Sub Class 2.3
Toxic Gases 2. Although the hazards to human health are not definitely proven, they are substances with an LC50 value above 5000 ml / m3 in animal tests. 1. Known to be harmful to human health and pose a health hazard during transportation
Toxic gases at a temperature of 20 ° C and below, at a pressure of 101.3 kPa (boiling points of 20 ° C or less under this pressure)
Class 3: Flammable Liquids
Class 3
Flammable Liquids Flammable liquids are substances with a flash point of not more than 60.5 ° C (141 ° F), or a liquid state that is kept heated for carriage and has a flash point of 37.8 ° C (100 ° F) and above.
Class 4.1: Flammable Solids or Other Substances
Flammable Solids or Other Substances Solids that are flammable as such. These substances can be ignited by friction, and their combustion rate is greater than 2.2 mm (0.087 inches) per second, ha. Flammable metal powders, which all react in 10 minutes or less, are also included in this class.
Substances that are thermally unstable, have a strong exothermic reaction without air participation, and are self-igniting are also in this category.
They are explosives included in Class 1 but whose effectiveness has been taken, or substances specifically included in this class by the manufacturer.
Class 4.2: Flammable Solids
Flammable Solids Self-igniting substances are pyrophoric substances. These are substances that ignite within the fifth minute of contact with air or heat up without the need for an additional energy source when in contact with air.
Class 4.3: Substances that emit flammable gas in contact with water
Substances that emit flammable gas in contact with water These substances, also called Dangerous Goods when wet, are substances that release flammable or toxic substances in contact with water. The danger measure is to extract more than 1 Liter of gas per hour for 1 kg of substance.
Class 5.1: Substances that increase the risk of burning by releasing oxygen
Substances that increase the risk of combustion by releasing oxygen Substances that cause or accelerate the combustion of other substances by releasing oxygen to such substances